This article is about the Science Olympiad competition for secondary schools in the United States. For information on the science olympiads such as the International Physics Olympiad or the International Chemistry Olympiad, see International science olympiad.

Science Olympiad is a primarily American elementary, middle school, or high school team competition that requires knowledge of various science topics and engineering ability. Over 14,000 teams from the 50 U.S. states and Canada compete each year.

History

Science Olympiad began as the Delaware Science Olympiad. A writeup in The Science Teacher of December 1977 caught the attention of Dr. Gerard Putz, who proposed that the program be expanded beyond Delaware. After tests in Michigan at the Lawrence Institute of Technology and Oakland University in 1983 and 1984, Putz and Delaware director John Cairns took their idea to the National Science Teachers Conference in Boston. The first National Tournament was attended by representatives of 17 states, held at Michigan State University in 1985. Since then, the program has expanded to reach all 50 states and Ontario, Canada.

Divisions

• Division A1 for elementary school (grades K-3)
   
• Division A2 for elementary school (grades 3-6)
   
• Division B for middle school (grades 6-9)
   
• Division C for high school (grades 9-12)
   

Note that 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders have the option of competing in either of the two divisions in which they meet the grade requirements.

Events

There are twenty-three events in which competitors face off on a single day. Events fall under three main categories: Science Concepts and Knowledge, Science Processes and Thinking Skills, and Science Application and Technology. They are either knowledge-based (i.e. written tests or laboratory tasks in earth science, physics, biology, and chemistry) or engineering-based (i.e. participants construct a device to do specified tasks).

Knowledge-based events generally have two participants either taking a test, performing experiments, or mathematically analyzing data. Examples of such events are Designer Genes, Forensics, and Chemistry Lab.

Engineering-based events have a team of two to three participants. They are to construct a device following a specific event's parameters and test the device against others. Examples include Robot Ramble, Bridge/Tower Building, and Storm The Castle.

The majority of events require two team members, though some require more. If one member is unable to attend an event, the other is able to continue, depending on the event, with the competition, though at an obvious disadvantage.

Team structure

Teams are hosted by the school from which the participants attend. A teacher, parent or student, usually a volunteer, coordinates the team in practice and preparation for the competition. A team can consist of up to 15 students and any amount of alternates at the national level; some states allow more students per team. In the middle school level, only 5 freshmen are allowed to compete on one team, and at the high school level, only 7 seniors are allowed per team. Home school groups may also form teams to compete and are at no inherent disadvantage.

Scoring

The winner of the competition is determined by each team's overall score. Each school is ranked in every event based on that event's rules. The teams overall score is then calculated by adding together the rank of the school in all events (1st place receives 1 point, 2nd place 2 points, etc.). The team with the lowest overall score is declared the winner. In the case of a tie, the team with the most gold medals wins. If there is still a tie, the tie breaker would be the number of silver medals, bronze, 4th places, etc. until a difference is found.

Competition levels

Science Olympiad competitions occur at a regional, state and national level. Normally, the top four teams advance from regional competition to state. In most states, the top team advances from state to the national competition. Some states with a larger number of teams are able to send multiple teams to the national competition to represent their larger presence. About 60 teams compete at the national level each year.

Some states, including Ohio and New York, hold Invitationals as well. These competitions serve as "practice rounds" for qualifying tournaments, and are hosted by individual schools. In the past few years, teams from other states including Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Mississippi have journeyed to compete in these Invitationals.

Nationals

The National Science Olympiad competition is held in May at a different university in a different state every year. Teams either stay in student dorms or nearby hotels.

The competition officially begins on the day (a Friday) before Saturday's competition with opening ceremonies. Usually a notable speaker, such as a Nobel Laureate, will give a speech. Following this is the traditional Swap Meet, when all the teams bring bags of state memorabilia to trade with other teams from all over the country. Most popular items include hats, license plates, and t-shirts.

Saturday includes seven time blocks. Each block includes a 50-minute section for each study event, while building events are usually "walk-in," where competitors sign up for a time slot.

That night, a semi-formal Awards Ceremony is held. It opens with a short speech, which is followed by the awarding of medals for the top six teams in each event, including trial events (events that do not count to the overall team score). At the end, the top ten teams are awarded trophies.

In some national tournaments, scholarships are awarded to the top teams in each event. In 2005's competition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, first-place winners received waivers for a four-year undergraduate tuition. Extra prizes are also given out for certain events: in Disease Detectives (Division C), the first-place team is given t-shirts and a trip for the two competitors and their coach to tour the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention facility in Atlanta, Georgia. For the 2006 Nationals, the host University of Indiana at Bloomington plans to give out scholarships to Division C 1st place finishers who decide to attend the university for their freshman year.

For 2006, the national competition will be held at the University of Indiana at Bloomington. It will be followed by these universities: 2007 - Wichita State University, 2008 - George Washington University, 2009 - Augusta State University, 2010 - University of Wisconsin in Madison, WI

Past national champions

Division B

Division C

External links

• Official Science Olympiad National Home Page
• List of 2006 Events
• Science Olympiad Student Center